Hair curling and waving device



April s, 1937. R G, ,ST 2,976,521

HAIR CURLING AND WAVING DEVICE Original Filed Nov. 26,v 1954 wwwa Patented Apr. 6, 1937 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Application November 26, 1934, Serial No. 754,775

Renewed October 24, 1936 10 Claims.

My invention relates to methods and apparatus for imparting 'so called permanent waves or curls to the hair.

In the methods and apparatus commonly used, the locks of hair are wound on arbors and enclosed in moistened sachet pads or rolls. The assembled units are then subjected to a heating process to complete the waving or curling operation. Th'e heating or baking operation is usually done by electric means but exothermic chemical means have also been used. In all methods and apparatus known to me, it is necessary to employ professional skill and service to accomplish the objects required, and the operation is necessarily an expensive one, and of a character that can not be personally performed. In much of the apparatus used for the purpose, the danger of burning the hair or scalp is such that various devices are necessary to obviate such danger, whether the heating be done by electric or other means.

One object of my invention is to provide an improved method to accomplish the purpose described.

A second object is to provide exothermic means for setting the so called permanent wave or curl after the generation of heat has ceased.

A third object is to provide an exothermic unit for curling the hair and imparting a so called permanent wave which may be personally applied to the hair.

A further object is to provide an exothermic unit which may be used Without danger of burningthe hair or scalp.

Another object is to provide means for accomplishing the purposes above mentioned, which is inexpensive and may be discarded after once using.

My invention consists in the improved method I employ for accomplishing the above named objects, and in the novel character and construction of the essential member used for the purposes above defined In the specification and claims and the drawing forming a part thereof, I have described and illustrated a typical embodiment of my invention together with a modification, but do not confine myself to the exact constructions shown as modifications may be made, preserving the essential features, within the scope of the appended claims.

'In the drawing,

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a cartridge like member forming an essential part of my invention, which may be used for short curls or-waves.

Fig. 2 is a side elevation of a form for use in curling or waving the hair on the crown of the head.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged cross section of an embodiment similar to that shown in Fig. 1. n

Fig..4 illustrates the manner of` preparing a lock of hair for the waving orcurling process.

Fig. 5 is a diagram representing the action of the exothermic chemicals in the formation of a curl or wave.

In the drawing,

Fig. 3 is shown enlarged in order that the respective elements may be more plainly desighated, such construction forming the essential features of Figs'. 1, 2, and 4, the combination in each figure constituting a unit around which a lock of hair may be wound as in Fig. 5.

I0 is a foraminous shell having caps II and I2 which when in place, enclose chemicals Within the chamber forme'd.

The chemicals I3 are of a character that by the additionpf water, will generate heat, one more rapidly th n another.

I have found that a mixture of calcium oxide and dehydrated calcium sulphate satisfactorily meets the above equirements, the action of water on the calciu oxide generating heat more rapidly and more intense than on the dehydrated 'calcium sulphate, the resulting compound being a solid mixture of calcium hydrate and hydrated calcium sulphate which cools slowly, during which time the curl or wave is set without further treatment. vTo control excessive heat, I may add in suitable proportion other chemical salts, and for this purpose I have found that sodium sulphate or magnesium sulphate or both in suitable proportions according to conditions, insure a heat which will not burn the user, and will operate on the resulting solid mixture to extend the time after the generation of heat has ceased, to impart and set the wave or curl.

I provide means for confining a lock of hair wound about this chambered unit, such means preferably being in the form of a spring I8 secured at one end I9 in a suitable manner to the shell III, and yielding to permit the insertion of a lock of hair I5, confining it near the scalp as at I1, the lock then being coiled about the shell and the spring, the end 2| being conned'under the outer end of the spring at 2|). RN

Enclosing the shell is an absorbent element 22 preferably formed from textile material, ,andy suitably conned as shown at 23, 24. The means for confining the lock of hair after coiling may be varied and a clamp substituted in place of the spring element as is frequently done.

, cover.

vThe slower acting dehydrated calcium sulphate The device may be applied to the hair by the person involved without assistance, in similar manner to the present application of hair curlers used without heat vsuch as are in common use.

When the several locks are wound on individual chambered units, each is moistened in any suitable manner, and the moisture passing through the absorbent covering communicates through the foraminous shell to the chemicals within.

Exothermic action is set up in the chemicals the action of the water on the calcium oxide generating suftlcient heat to vvaporize'a portion of the water used for moistening in the absorbent This vapor operates to soften the hair.

supplements this heat of vaporization in similar manner the resulting solid compound retains the heat an appreciable ltime suftlcient to bake the hair in so called permanent wave or curlform, after the lgeneration of heat has ceased.

In Fig. 5 this action is diagrammatically repre- At c the chemical having the slower rate ofI action will have overtaken the rst after it has ceased to generate as at c, the two forming the solid compound which slowly cools to temperature indicated at d, at which time the wave or curl is set, and the unit is discarded. With my device, no sachet pad is required, and there is no liability of burning the hair or scalp, or of drying out the natural oils present in the hair, and the waves or curls are left in a lustrous and healthy condition.

Having thus described my invention, I claim:-

1. A hair curling and waving device comprislng in combination a foraminous tubular container; chemicals sealed within, ladapted to generate heat when water is added, at dierent rates of reaction; an absorbent cover to the "container; ,and means for securing to the container a lock of hair wound thereabout.

2. In a hair curling and waving device of the character described in claim 1, the means for securing the lock of hair being integral with the container. a

3. In a hair curling and waving device of the character described in claim 1, the means for heat has ceased.

container; and a ller consisting of chemlca'ls adapted to generate heat at different rates of reaction when water is supplied to the chemicals;

`rand means for securing to the container, a lock of hair wound thereabout, such means consisting of an integral member of the tube engaging the j lock near its end and nea;` the scalp;

5. A hair curling and waving device comprising in combination, a foraminous tubular sealed container; and a. filler including calcium oxide and dehydrated calcium sulphate in suitable proportions to generate relatively rapid and intense vaporizing heat and a supplementary heat ot less intensity and slower in generation when water is supplied.

6. A hair curling and waving device of the character described in claim 5, in which is added to the ller in suitable proportion, a salt operating to control the intensity of the vaporizing heat.

7. A hair curling and waving device of the character described in claim 5, in which is added to the filler in suitable proportion, a salt operating to control the intensity of the vaporizing heat, and to extend the period of the retention of heat in the resulting solid compound after the generation of heat has ceased.

8. A hair curling and waving device comprising in combination, a foraminous tubular sealed container; and a filler including in suitable proportions, calcium oxide, dehydrated calcium sulphate, and sodium sulphate, to generate and control a relatively rapid vaporizing heat and a supplementary heat of less intensity and slower generation when water is supplied, and to extend the period of the retention of the heat in the resulting solid compound after the generation of heat has ceased.

9. A hair curling device of the character described in claim 5 in which is added to the filler inrsuitable proportions magnesium sulphate, i'or the purpose of controlling `the intensity of the vaporizing heat, and to extend the period of the retention of heat in the resulting solid compound after the generation of heat has ceased.

10. A hair curling device of the character described in claim 5 in which is added to the illler in suitable proportions, magnesium sulphate and sodium sulphate, for the purpose -of controlling the intensity of the vaporizing heat, and to extend the period of the retention of the heat in the resulting solid compound after the generation o( RUDOLPH G. LIST. 

